Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) agreed to a $2.8 billion class action settlement brought by health care providers—hospitals and other facilities as well as individual clinicians—who treated BCBS members between July 24, 2008 and October 4, 2024. The case centers on how the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association and participating “Blue Plans” structure their nationwide footprint, including the long-running practice of assigning exclusive geographic “service areas” and coordinating aspects of provider contracting through programs like BlueCard (which lets members use coverage across state lines). Providers alleged that these arrangements reduced real competition among Blue Plans and influenced the prices and contract terms providers could obtain for covered services. The lawsuit was filed under U.S. antitrust laws, arguing that BCBS’s alleged market allocation and price-related coordination effectively limited rivalry and suppressed provider reimbursement; BCBS denied wrongdoing, and the court did not decide liability. Beyond the large cash fund—distributed based on “allowed amounts,” with the settlement allocating 92% to facilities and 8% to professionals—the deal’s significance is also in its “injunctive relief,” which requires business-practice changes aimed at making contracting and claims administration more competitive and transparent (for example, BlueCard program modifications, prompt-pay and service-level commitments, and expanded opportunities for value-based contracts). This fits into a broader pattern of antitrust scrutiny in health care, where regulators and private plaintiffs have challenged conduct that can consolidate purchasing power or restrict contracting options, similar in theme to other disputes involving insurer “most-favored-nation” clauses, network contracting restrictions, and consolidation among insurers and provider groups under frameworks like the Sherman Act and Clayton Act.